السَّلاَمُ عَلَيْكُمْ وَرَحْمَةُ اللهِ وَبَرَكَاتُهُ
KOMPETENSI DASAR
🔎Meeting 10
Definition of Explanation Text
Explanation is a text which tells processes relating to forming of natural, social, scientific and cultural phenomena.
Explanation text is to say ‘why’ and ‘how’ of the forming of the phenomena. It
is often found in science, geography and history text books.
Generic Structure of Explanation Text
1. General
statement
General
statement : stating the phenomenon issues which are to be explained.
2. Sequenced
of explanation
Sequenced
explanation : stating a series of steps which explain the phenomena.
- Explanation is a text which tells processes relating to forming of natural, social, scientific, and cultural phenomena.
- To explain how or why something happens.
In an explanation text, there are linguistic features as
below :
a.
Using simple present tense
b.
Using abstract noun.
c.
Using Passive voice
d.
Using Action verbs
e. Containing explanation of the process
Example:
How does Rain Happen?
|
General
statement |
Rain is the primary source of fresh water
for most areas of the world, providing suitable conditions for diverse
ecosystems, as well as water for hydroelectric power plants and crop
irrigation. |
|
Sequenced of
Explanation |
The phenomenon of rain is actually a water
circle. The concept of the water cycle involves the sun heating the Earth’s
surface water and causing the surface water to evaporate. The water vapor
rises into the Earth’s atmosphere. The water in the atmosphere cools and
condenses into liquid droplets. The droplets grow until they are heavy and
fall to the earth as precipitation which can be in the form of rain or snow. However, not all rain reaches the surface.
Some evaporates while falling through dry air. This is called virga, a
phenomenon which is often seen in hot, dry desert regions |
🔎Meeting 11
Meeting 11
Petunjuk:
Pada pertemuan ini, pilihlah salah
satu teks dari Teks dibawah ini, lalu tentukan General Statement dan Sequenced
of explanation. Tulis jawaban kamu pada Link dibawahnya
Text 1: Flood
A natural disaster is a terrible accident, e.g. a
great flood. Floods occur when the water of rivers, lakes, or streams overflow
their banks and pour onto the surrounding land. Floods are caused by many
different things. Often heavy rainstorms that last for a brief can cause a
flood. But not all heavy storms are followed by flooding. If the surrounding
land is flat and can absorb the water, no flooding will occur. If, however, the
land is hard and rocky, heavy rain cannot be absorbed. Where the banks are low,
a river may overflow and flood adjacent lowland.
Text 2: Acid Rain
Acid rain is rain that is highly acidic because of sulfur oxides,
nitrogen oxides, and other air pollutants dissolved in it. Normal rain is
slightly acidic, with a pH of 6. Acid rain may have a pH value as low as 2.8
Acid rain can severely damage both plant and animal life. Certain lakes, for
example, have lost all fish and plant life because of acid rain. Acid rain
comes from sulfur in coal and oil. When they burn, they make sulfur dioxide
(SO2 ). Most sulfur leaves factory chimneys as the gaseous sulfur dioxide (SO2
) and most nitrogen are also emitted as one of the nitrogen oxides (NO or NO2
), both of which are gasses.
In many part of the world flood are caused by
tropical storms called hurricanes or typhoons. They bring destructive winds of
high speed, torrents of rain, and flooding. When a flood occurs, the
destruction to surrounding land can be severe. Whole villages and towns are
sometimes swept away by water pouring swiftly over the land. Railroad track
blocked and uprooted from their beds. Highways are washed away.
When a building caught fire, the firemen pitched
in to help battle the blaze. Before the pumps were invented, people formed
bucket brigades to fight fires. Standing side by side, they formed a human
chain from the fire to nearby well or river. They passed buckets of water from
to hand to be poured on the flames.
The damage of the fire did depend a great deal on
where it happened. In the country or a small village, only a single house might
burn down. But in crowded cities, fire often destroyed whole blocks and
neighborhoods before being controlled.
The gasses may be dry deposited–absorbed directly by the land, by lakes or by
the surface vegetation. If they are in the atmosphere at any time, the gasses
will oxidize (gain an oxygen atom) and go into solution as acids. Sulphuric
acid (H2 SO4 ) and the nitrogen oxides will become nitric acid (HNO3 ). The
acids usually dissolve in cloud droplets and may travel great distances before
being precipitated as acid rain. Catalysts such as hydrogen peroxide, ozone,
and ammonium help promote the formation of acids in clouds. More ammonium (NH4
) can be formed when some of the acids are partially neutralized by airborne
ammonia (NH3 ).
Acidification increases with
the number of active hydrogen (H+) ions dissolved in acid. Hydrocarbons emitted
by, for example, car exhausts will react in sunlight with nitrogen oxides to
produce ozone. Although it is invaluable in the atmosphere, low-level ozone
causes respiratory problems and also hastens the formation of acid rain. When
acid rain falls on the ground it dissolves and liberates heavy metals and
aluminum (Al). When it is washed into lakes, aluminum irritates the outer
surfaces of many fish. As acid rain falls or drains into the lake the pH of the
lake falls. Forests suffer the effect of acid rain through damage to leaves,
through the loss of vital nutrients, and through the increased amounts of toxic
metals liberated by acid, which damage roots and soil microorganisms.
Text 3 :How Chocolate is Made
Have we wondered how we
get chocolate from? Well this time we will enter the amazing world of chocolate
so we can understand exactly we are eating.
Chocolate starts a tree called cacao tree. This tree grows in equatorial regions, especially in place such as South America, Africa, and Indonesia. The cacao tree produces a fruit about the size of a small pine apple. In side the fruits are the tree’s seeds. They are also known as coco beans.
Next, the beans are fermented for about a week, dried in the sun. After that they are shipped to the chocolate maker. The chocolate maker starts processing by roasting the beans to bring out the flavor. Different beans from different places have different qualities and flavor. So they are often shorted and blended to produce a distinctive mix.
The next
process is winnowing. The roasted beans are winnowed to remove the meat nib of
the cacao bean from its shell. Then the nibs are blended. The blended nibs are
grounded to make it liquid. The liquid is called chocolate liquor. It tastes
bitter.
All seeds contain
some amount of fat and cacao beans are not different. However, cacao beans are
half fat, which is why they ground nibs from liquid. It is pure bitter
chocolate.
Text 4 : How A Fuel Light Works
Many cars,
motorcycles and other modern vehicles have fuel warning light devices. the
warning light is usually red which switches on automatically when the level of
fuel in the tank is very low. The warning light gives the driver information
about the amount of petrol in the tank. When the light switches on red, it
tells the driver that the petrol in the tank is almost empty. Therefore he have
to put more fuel into the tank. However do you know how the fuel warning works?
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Well this is the way the fuel warning light work and gives the driver information about the accurate amount of the petrol in the tank. When the level of the fuel falls, the float inside the tank moves downwards. When this condition happens, the arm also moves downwards and it make the lever touch an electrical contact. This switches on the fuel light in the car dashboard.
The red
light which appears in the fuel panel of the dashboard tells the driver that he
needs more petrol for his car. When he pours more petrol into the tank, this
condition makes the fuel level rise and it pushes the float upwards. In return
it disconnects to the electrical contact and makes the red light switch off.
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